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Practical Software Measurement: Objective Information for Decision Makers, by John McGarry, David Card, Cheryl Jones, Beth Layman, Elizabe
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Now that software is embedded in nearly every human endeavor, measuring software's effectiveness and value has become utterly crucial. Practical Software Measurement introduces proven techniques for implementing quantitative software metrics covering quality, cost, schedule -- and demonstrates how to leverage your measurements for smarter decision-making and more efficient project management. Practical Software Measurement begins with a high-level summary of the key issues associated with software metrics, and a practical overview of what it takes to implement measurement on a software-intensive project. The authors show how to identify project issues, and build an effective measurement plan -- providing detailed tables and expert guidance on choosing the best possible metrics. Next, they review the logistics of collecting and processing data, analyzing and interpreting results -- and using the information to make more informed project decisions. Finally, they present three detailed, diverse case studies drawn from highly software-intensive projects. The book contains a detailed glossary, bibliography, and the complete Department of Defense Implementation Guide, which has been used by thousands of software developers to implement this book's techniques.
- Sales Rank: #938585 in Books
- Published on: 2001-10-27
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.62" h x .85" w x 6.44" l, 1.50 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 304 pages
From the Back Cover
PSM provides you with a way to realize the significant benefits of a software measurement program, while understanding and avoiding the risks involved with a “blind jump.” You’ll find this book a worthwhile starting point for your future software measurement initiatives, as well as a source of continuing guidance as you chart your way through the sea of complex opportunities ahead.
—Barry Boehm, from the Foreword
Objective, meaningful, and quantifiable measurement is critical to the successful development of today’s complex software systems. Supported by the U.S. Department of Defense and a rapidly increasing number of commercial practitioners, Practical Software Measurement (PSM) is a process for designing and implementing a project-based software measurement program. PSM provides essential information on scheduling, resource allocation, and technological performance. It enables software managers and developers to make decisions that will affect the project’s outcome positively.
This book is the official, definitive guide to PSM written by the leaders of the PSM development initiative. It describes the principles and practices for developing, operating, and continuously improving your organization’s measurement program. It uses real-world examples to illustrate practical solutions and specific measurement techniques. This book examines the foundations of a software measurement program in depth, defining and prioritizing information needs, developing a project-specific information model, tailoring a process model to integrate measurement activities, and analyzing and understanding the results.
Specific topics include:
In addition, this book includes numerous detailed examples of measurement constructs typically applied to software projects, as well as two comprehensive case studies that illustrate the implementation of a measurement program in different types of projects. With this book you will have the understanding and information you need to realize the significant benefits of PSM as well as a guide for a long-term, organization-wide measurement program.
PSM is founded on the contributions and collaboration of key practitioners in the software measurement field. The initiative was established in 1994 by John McGarry and is currently managed by Cheryl Jones. Both are civilians employed by the U.S. Army. David Card is an internationally known software measurement expert, and is with the Software Productivity Consortium. Beth Layman, Elizabeth Clark, Joseph Dean, and Fred Hall have been primary contributors to PSM since its inception.
0201715163B10012001
About the Author
0201715163AB06252001
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Management by fact has become an increasingly popular concept in the Software Engineering and Information Technology communities. It is one of the key factors leading organizations to focus attention on measurement and the use of objective information to make decisions. Quantitative performance information is essential to fact-based management. Practical Software Measurement: Objective Information for Decision Makers, describes an approach to management by fact for software project managers based on the concepts of integrating a measurement information model and a measurement process model. While the concepts apply to non-software activities as well, the examples and terminology presented in the book focus on software to facilitate understanding within that community. The information needs of the decision maker drive the selection of software measures and associated analysis techniques. This is the premise behind the widely accepted approaches to software measurement, including Goal/Question/Metric 1 and Issue/Category/Measure 2. Information needs result from the efforts of managers to influence the outcomes of projects, processes, and initiatives towards defined objectives. Information needs are usually derived from two sources: 1) goals that the manager seeks to achieve and, 2) obstacles that hinder the achievement of these goals. Obstacles, or issues, include risks, problems, and a lack of information in a goal related area. Unless there is a manager or other decision-maker with an information need, measurement serves no purpose. The issues faced by a software project manager are numerous. Typically they include estimating and allocating project resources, and tracking progress, and delivering products that meet customer specifications and expectations. A measurement information model defines the relationship between the information needs of the manager and the objective data to be collected, commonly called measures. It also establishes a consistent terminology for basic measurement ideas and concepts, which is critical to communicating the measurement information to decision makers. The information model in Practical Software Measurement (PSM) defines three levels of measures, or quantities: 1) base measures, 2) derived measures, and 3) indicators. It is interesting to note that the three levels of measurement defined in the PSM information model roughly correspond to the three level structures advocated by many existing measurement approaches. Examples include the goal/question/metric 1, factor/criteria/metric 3, and issue/category/measure 2) approaches already in use within the software community. A similar approach for defining a generic data structure for measurement was developed by Kitchenham, et al, who defined their structure as an Entity Relationship Diagram 4. An effective measurement process must address the selection of appropriate measures as well as provide for effective analysis of the data that is collected. The measurement process model describes a set of related measurement activities that are generally applicable in all circumstances, regardless of the specific information needs of any particular situation. The process consists of four iterative measurement activities: Establish, Plan, Perform, and Evaluate. This process is similar to the commonly seen Plan-Do-Check-Act 5 cycle. Recognition of a need for fact-based, objective information leads to the establishment of a measurement process for a project or an organization. The specific information needs of the decision makers and measurement users drive the selection and definition of appropriate measures during the measurement planning activity. The resulting measurement approach instantiates a project specific information model, and identifies the base measures, derived measures, and indicators to be employed, and the analysis techniques to be applied, to address the project’s prioritized information needs. As the measurement plan is implemented, or performed, the required measurement data is collected and analyzed. The information product that results from the perform measurement activity is provided to the decision makers. Feedback from these measurement users help to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures and measurement process so that they can be improved on a continuing basis. The basic concepts presented in this book are evolved from extensive measurement experience and prior research. They were previously introduced in sequentially released versions of Practical Software Measurement 2, and were formalized in ISO/IEC Standard 15939 - Software Measurement Process 6. The measurement process model and measurement terminology work from ISO/IEC 15939 have also been adopted as the basis of a new Measurement and Analysis Process Area in the Software Engineering Institute’s Capability Maturity Model - Integrated (CMM-I) 7. This book explains how software development and maintenance organizations can implement a viable measurement process based on the proven measurement concepts of ISO/IEC 15939 and the CMM-I in a practical and understandable manner. In simplistic terms, implementing an objective "measurement by fact" process for a software intensive project encompasses defining and prioritizing the information needs of the project decision makers through the development of a project specific information model, and then tailoring and executing a project specific set of measurement process activities. The PSM approach to accomplishing this integrates prior experience and research from many sources across many application domains. To enhance understandability, the authors limit further references to suggestions for additional reading on specific topics.
References 1 V. Basili and D. Weiss, A Methodology for Collecting Valid Software Engineering Data, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, October 1984. 2 J. McGarry, D. Card, et al., Practical Software Measurement, Joint Logistics Commanders and Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, 1997. 3 G. Walters and J. McCall, Factors in Software Quality, Rome Air Development Center, 1977. 4 B. Kitchenham, S.L. Pfleeger, and N. Fenton, Towards a Framework for Software Measurement Validation, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, December 1995. 5 W.E. Deming, Out of the Crisis, MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study, 1986. 6 K. el Emam and D. Card (Editors), ISO/IEC Standard 15939, Software Measurement Process, International Organization for Standardization, January 2001 (final coordination draft). 7 CMMI Development Team, Capability Maturity Model - Integrated Systems/Software Engineering (Version 1), Software Engineering Institute, 2000. 0201715163P06112001
Most helpful customer reviews
12 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
The Standard for Software Measurement Programs
By MAURICIO AGUIAR
I would rate this book ****** if it were possible. If you are looking for material on how to start a "software metrics program", look no further. This is the ultimate reference on software measurement initiatives. The PSM method is compatible with the CMMI (Measurement & Analysis Process Area) and the foundation for the ISO/IEC 15939 standard. All of the authors are recognized authorities in software measurement and process improvement. Dr. Barry Boehm (COCOMO author) has written the foreword. The PSM process is sponsored by the DoD and the U.S. Army. The book itself is comprehensive, well-written, and easy to read. It provides ready-to-use templates such as "Measurement Construct Template", "Project Measurement Plan Outline", and "Data Verification Checklist". Chapter outline:
1 - Measurement: Key Concepts and Practices
2 - Measurement Information Model
3 - Plan Measurement
4 - Perform Measurement
5 - Analysis Techniques
6 - Evaluate Measurement
7 - Establish and Sustain Commitment
8 - Measure for Success
Appendix A - Measurement Construct Examples
Appendix B - Information System Case Study
Appendix C - Synergy Integrated Copier Case Study
Note: Appendix A provides 14 detailed, complete examples of measurement constructs ("metrics"). Appendixes B and C provide 2 comprehensive case studies (approximately 60 pages).
It would require at least a 2-day workshop to address all the information provided by this book (probably at 10 times its price). You can't afford to miss it if you are more than casually interested in software measurement. Hope you enjoy it as much as I did.
12 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Off-the-shelf processes for CMMM level 3 and above orgs
By Mike Tarrani
There is a wealth of material available from the PSM site, including the PSM Insight application and PSM Guidebook. However this book is not redundant because it is structured as a clearly written introduction to practical software measurement, that includes excellent guidance for implementing it into your organization. In addition, the 304 pages that comprise this book manages to convey the information contained in the existing PSM documentation, and does so much more succinctly.
I found the most valuable parts of this book to be the clearly described measurement model, and the way the authors distinguish between data that is useful to projects and organizational data collection and analysis. This material places PSM in context and is a sound starting point for an organizational SQA initiative.
The case studies reinforces the mechanics of PSM, and also contain advice and pointers for implementing enterprise-wide measurement. Although I've been following the PSM initiative almost since its inception and have read all of the copious materials available, I still gained much from this book. If you're establishing an SQA function or striving for CMM level 4 or above you'll find this book invaluable. The URLs provided will lead to even more material, including a free Windows-based software tool that fully supports the practical software measurement process.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
This is a life saver!!!
By Processes
We as users of the PSM with years of experience in the quality and measurements world tend to over complicate the measurement system we develop. This book is a yardstick and is a good tool to ground you when you are creating the measurements. It keeps your mind in the more simple and effective road to resolving the issues. Remember the old saying, "Keep it simple stupid (KISS)!"; this one helps guide you to accomplishment of this goal.
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